{"id":"W2063459352","doi":"10.1021/es0496524","title":"Biotic Ligand Model, a Flexible Tool for Developing Site-Specific Water Quality Guidelines for Metals","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":664,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Biotic Ligand Model; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Ligand (biochemistry); Abiotic component; Dissolved organic carbon; Metal; Bioavailability; Metal toxicity; Copper; Ecology; Heavy metals; Biochemistry; Biology; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002335124,0.00106698,0.002052081,0.0007264296,0.001625531,0.0001014201,0.002154156,0.001434329,0.0006929724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002204371,0.000825384,0.0006671561,0.0009536736,0.005826894,0.0004819597,0.002056465,0.0005621588,0.001486925],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003923783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001507622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006107281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001535864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.992878,0.00007753725,0.001789003,0.002559236,0.0006035236,0.002092678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977733,0.0001947961,0.000595267,0.001213345,0.00001191195,0.0002113852],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001552018,0.00153045,0.0003272239,0.004322294,0.0003212639,0.00003466481,0.0004002579,0.01045115,0.2156319,0.006297189,0.004248132,0.7562803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007916464,0.0003998693,0.00001382319,0.0004814993,0.0002617885,0.0001060023,0.00005517513,0.0001997784,0.04541799,0.008009817,0.9428293,0.001433327],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01754572,0.9187651,0.0451954,0.001899271,0.001357795,0.01296718,0.0008849847,0.0007042162,0.0006803783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002875146,0.9022183,0.086257,0.0006808505,0.0001246973,0.003347799,0.0003127195,0.0001790547,0.004004453],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9385812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1247441129025916,"score_gpt":0.3765208144271907,"score_spread":0.2517767015245991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}