{"id":"W2063694342","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450810304","title":"Liquid Dispersion in Large Diameter Bubble Columns, with and without Internals","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Dispersion (optics); Mixing (physics); Mechanics; Materials science; Optics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000218795,0.00009957826,0.0001532831,0.0001094995,0.00001994857,0.00004072648,0.0001033262,0.00004584705,0.0000143674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005461152,0.00007436888,0.00002758719,0.0001045775,0.00002142857,0.00008051384,0.000005685864,0.0002987543,6.953368e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001372908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005453879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002231003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001228656,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994326,0.000006595762,0.0001721031,0.00005370894,0.00007746582,0.0002575347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996239,0.00002559788,0.00002063685,0.00007532066,0.00002341338,0.000231134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001133286,0.00003418035,0.03588067,0.0003550113,0.0003790701,0.0002945806,0.004398067,0.3723784,0.5780296,0.006633396,0.0005960526,0.0009075481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005689454,0.0004636527,0.003188074,0.002958883,0.0001597384,0.001840924,0.0003113962,0.7241684,0.2400341,0.0002919376,0.01915253,0.001740907],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957654,0.0008262422,0.002983603,0.00005360323,0.0001135173,0.00004210228,0.000002496244,0.000008599114,0.0002044019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991345,0.00001456593,0.0007498544,0.00002840416,0.00003293384,0.000001307494,3.890233e-7,0.00002572348,0.00001230529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.35179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3032675,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003374188740453361,"score_gpt":0.1638908275079271,"score_spread":0.1605166387674737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}