{"id":"W2063787170","doi":"10.1139/p06-012","title":"Characterizing flat-top laser beams using standard beam parameters","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Laser Design and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Islamic Azad University; Macquarie University","keywords":"Physics; Kurtosis; Beam (structure); Optics; Moment (physics); Beam diameter; Laser beam quality; Beam parameter product; Laser; M squared; Field (mathematics); Computational physics; Standard deviation; Laser beams; Statistics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006747016,0.0001006216,0.0001505214,0.00007094656,0.00008372586,0.00007492017,0.0001183,0.00003859599,0.0000167925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003792758,0.0001046728,0.00007720146,0.0001666972,0.00003269702,0.0001977272,0.000002576088,0.0001662716,0.000008916069],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002237941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009716846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000482012,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993902,0.000007200868,0.0002140711,0.00005776778,0.00009500592,0.0002357239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994928,0.00001620758,0.00006684752,0.0001106127,0.00006829947,0.0002452079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001874169,0.00003275953,0.006206989,0.0001301962,0.0003105619,0.0002966336,0.001154805,0.57403,0.3527642,0.004006753,0.03728158,0.02376677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001287866,0.0001212216,0.003521811,0.000330617,0.0002393903,0.0001815005,0.0002560166,0.02049489,0.8329772,0.01044127,0.1290777,0.001070479],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9706799,0.00009973667,0.02805427,0.00008761497,0.0002940191,0.00005932967,0.00007804854,0.00001935097,0.0006277095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964171,0.000004420758,0.002980553,0.00007191251,0.0004438151,0.000001096921,0.000008962314,0.00002917079,0.00004295787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5535351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4268434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01456657982081857,"score_gpt":0.2032198834287108,"score_spread":0.1886533036078922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}