{"id":"W2064232093","doi":"10.1115/1.1843121","title":"Flow Structures in a U-Shaped Fuel Cell Flow Channel: Quantitative Visualization Using Particle Image Velocimetry","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Vortex; Open-channel flow; Vorticity; Flow visualization; Hele-Shaw flow; Secondary flow; Physics; Flow (mathematics); Geometry; Turbulence; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004426152,0.0001315873,0.0002388058,0.0005827218,0.00007459141,0.00007020198,0.0002160999,0.0001680012,0.00001609513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006800641,0.0001077866,0.00002569626,0.001293859,0.0003219244,0.0004085121,0.00005209971,0.0002290633,0.000004663048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001229836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001184717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001011314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005921378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989134,0.00001392734,0.0003696354,0.0001533874,0.0002327333,0.0003169297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994841,0.0000177123,0.0001381202,0.00009621231,0.0001905402,0.00007326654],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001669722,0.000054868,0.00006463731,0.0004494103,0.000007818138,0.00008201652,0.00090879,0.1052103,0.8928604,0.0001713875,0.00001053187,0.0001631338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001505566,0.0003291034,0.0001537308,0.00009580696,0.00002919225,0.0001380422,0.001394007,0.4640976,0.5133736,0.01848315,0.000144972,0.0002552272],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863601,0.009254916,0.002876608,0.0001324939,0.0005144516,0.0001050243,0.000002726282,0.00005705748,0.0006966072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9812142,0.002486689,0.01623381,0.00001785376,0.00002787768,7.144867e-7,3.407062e-7,0.00001462751,0.000003911168],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3794869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4395409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01032730125609528,"score_gpt":0.2506252672828131,"score_spread":0.2402979660267178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}