{"id":"W2064334444","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5826.2007.00228.x","title":"Cognitive Arithmetic Differences in Learning Difficulty Groups and the Role of Behavioral Inattention","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Psychology; Learning disability; Cognition; Subtraction; Developmental psychology; Reading (process); Arithmetic; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006299129,0.0001270458,0.0002818167,0.000121443,0.0003112732,0.0001041088,0.00008764974,0.00007052412,0.00007277379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0371412,0.00008435528,0.00003511685,0.0002762756,0.00146113,0.0002957168,0.0002297467,0.0009658405,0.000005904024],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003870835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002044554,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004024533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000161723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997251,0.001206808,0.0003530172,0.0002479635,0.0005665927,0.0003746608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9452266,0.05421337,0.0001144736,0.00007082513,0.0002923321,0.00008237793],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006421264,0.00304189,0.3973375,0.0008728873,0.0001666696,0.00003575808,0.12595,4.782999e-7,0.001102025,0.3294101,0.00001438875,0.1356471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001683139,0.0007413996,0.0776892,0.0003439642,0.00004359406,0.00004412104,0.5834764,0.0001103935,0.0004330008,0.3351148,0.0001461622,0.0001738201],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837348,0.0004191319,0.0001992051,0.0003086096,0.000009900526,0.0004037508,0.000001947111,0.00001979457,0.01490279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985547,0.0001858972,0.0005736621,0.000008267964,0.00002257831,0.00003294282,0.000004979569,0.00001149616,0.0006054452],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4575264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9709694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09357600238093272,"score_gpt":0.41908615302249,"score_spread":0.3255101506415573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}