{"id":"W2064532636","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2010.02.049","title":"Non-intrusive determination of bubble size in a gas–solid fluidized bed: An evaluation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China University of Petroleum, Beijing","keywords":"Bubble; Mechanics; Work (physics); Optics; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007363678,0.0001406511,0.0001929015,0.0001830889,0.00002340603,0.00003074322,0.0003464967,0.0001023766,0.0000353468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006440888,0.0001491728,0.00003843276,0.0007128038,0.0001149093,0.0003709777,0.0000350484,0.0002439048,0.00000552964],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008920836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006468668,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006617402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002152992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987511,0.000004245006,0.0002634116,0.0002369225,0.0004296226,0.0003146893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993598,0.00006519282,0.00002162453,0.0002828563,0.0001435266,0.000127029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000323642,0.00001924922,0.00006567818,0.0000317049,0.000001175061,0.000001124852,0.0002494348,0.001551487,0.9947363,0.00005422409,0.000002785937,0.003283572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002714276,0.000008448334,0.0001823992,0.00001708527,0.00000457287,0.000003676608,0.000005413604,0.4409879,0.5583585,0.00006165045,0.000005385636,0.00009353646],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960423,0.00002198533,0.003076646,0.000008570307,0.0004022227,0.0001830302,0.000002194076,0.0001025532,0.0001604886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874504,0.000003231769,0.01242739,0.000004982348,0.00005645947,0.00003399305,0.000003903182,0.00001879773,8.319954e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4394364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6083091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006304286033136168,"score_gpt":0.2417608012377941,"score_spread":0.2354565152046579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}