{"id":"W2064680514","doi":"10.1007/s00348-003-0654-5","title":"Roughness effects in low- Re ? open-channel turbulent boundary layers","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Windsor; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Boundary layer; Reynolds stress; Turbulence; Open-channel flow; Mechanics; Surface finish; Boundary layer thickness; Surface roughness; Anemometer; Particle image velocimetry; Materials science; Reynolds number; Optics; Shear stress; Wake; Geometry; Physics; Mathematics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002745788,0.0003160813,0.000349911,0.0002066209,0.00005613194,0.0001355306,0.0004352873,0.0001551254,0.0001252348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003023156,0.0003401875,0.00005656996,0.0003687688,0.00003546408,0.000301236,0.0001090455,0.0002720656,0.00007226121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004832492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005427364,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008284306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003467423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983579,0.00008215007,0.0003989088,0.0003797477,0.0002288754,0.0005524029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993881,0.00004133063,0.00001829005,0.0004275022,0.00001454959,0.0001102419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002732486,0.002965109,0.008627419,0.001182506,0.0003417778,0.002449578,0.02373447,0.8313401,0.06954767,0.03932419,0.01745546,0.002758421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01343983,0.0003446511,0.00501705,0.001632778,0.0000198101,0.00003900092,0.000793269,0.8322364,0.1099174,0.004359665,0.029533,0.002667117],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9613037,0.00597287,0.0009719701,0.00004574744,0.002359055,0.0009827387,0.000005394058,0.0001581558,0.02820038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997907,0.0001194006,0.0009453763,0.0001751239,0.00003927435,0.0002626001,0.00001684118,0.00008109908,0.0004532339],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04036975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01175113058917226,"score_gpt":0.2543954907768205,"score_spread":0.2426443601876482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}