{"id":"W2064945825","doi":"10.1145/2501604.2501618","title":"Usability and security evaluation of GeoPass","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Lakeridge Health","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Password; Computer science; Usability; Password policy; Login; Computer security; Human-computer interaction in information security; Session (web analytics); Authentication (law); One-time password; Cognitive password; World Wide Web; Password strength; Password cracking; Internet privacy; Information security; Human–computer interaction; Security service; Network security policy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009090634,0.00003780502,0.0000691827,0.00002758409,0.00002308402,0.00005359875,0.0001824754,0.0000223762,0.0001552699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006657719,0.00003073827,0.00001571504,0.0001003649,0.00003019237,0.0003400227,0.00007117084,0.00002439679,0.00004591031],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001172246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002626542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003090072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002951851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992106,0.000126587,0.0001551658,0.0001458132,0.000296585,0.00006523931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992585,0.00004063334,0.00004389142,0.0003180971,0.0002962577,0.00004266566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000273874,0.0006840818,0.1378774,0.000252982,0.00006183938,1.918474e-7,0.1613471,0.000004446545,0.005335076,0.500916,0.005703208,0.1878149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001834277,0.00001497495,0.1348475,0.000003359439,0.000004319892,0.000001603738,0.0001022721,0.7901637,0.001147232,0.07327369,0.0002042351,0.00005371496],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861865,0.00004899406,0.008993186,0.0008864776,0.00007412056,0.0002959213,3.254142e-7,0.0000363648,0.003478108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993011,0.000001336213,0.0005676472,0.00005799243,0.000006101388,0.00001850301,4.097521e-7,9.396788e-7,0.0000459585],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7901592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1700097,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02800012800873,"score_gpt":0.2759727872909134,"score_spread":0.2479726592821834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}