{"id":"W2064969581","doi":"10.1002/esp.1682","title":"Flow resistance in steep mountain streams","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","topic":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; BC Hydro (Canada)","funders":"University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University; Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Tributary; Surface finish; Hydraulic roughness; Hydrology (agriculture); Flow (mathematics); Geology; STREAMS; Grain size; Sorting; Flow resistance; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology; Geometry; Materials science; Mathematics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001484346,0.0001486026,0.0001736755,0.00001981743,0.0001793736,0.00001367656,0.0001195772,0.00008334828,0.0008801003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001883373,0.0001101798,0.00001599721,0.0003030206,0.0001950338,0.0003964964,0.00003160299,0.0001403797,0.00008487107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001126119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002885841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001703916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006663357,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989971,0.00001154538,0.0001865842,0.0003048037,0.0001886353,0.0003113589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997131,0.00003692139,0.00004273004,0.0001125582,0.000009237659,0.00008549108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001031018,0.00008074075,0.9921795,0.0001047993,0.000005943823,0.00006319327,0.001974953,0.004385719,0.00007868534,0.00002073391,0.0001381368,0.0008644512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002902313,0.0002943448,0.8925063,0.0001370176,0.00002186596,0.00006982771,0.000455386,0.003783036,0.006220545,0.002735132,0.08987617,0.0009980691],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990185,0.001308114,0.0001553419,0.0002118815,0.00002379546,0.000129125,0.00000836155,0.00004326838,0.007935087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950343,0.0009320087,0.00116145,0.0001737684,0.00001167051,0.000007984099,0.00001414651,0.000009627227,0.002655008],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09967324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9636481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007275791267995707,"score_gpt":0.1934065438801256,"score_spread":0.1861307526121299,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}