{"id":"W2065766842","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.06.006","title":"Process and Pattern in Institutional Reforms: A Case Study of the Police Pacifying Units (UPPs) in Brazil","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Development","topic":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Institutional change; Process (computing); Political science; Public administration; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007230326,0.00009865085,0.0001414547,0.0002119411,0.0003115051,0.00002085625,0.0001689898,0.00003502521,0.00001317979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005504957,0.00006781195,0.000007730381,0.0008873495,0.0001130231,0.000129951,0.0000999492,0.0001344386,0.000002343325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001825673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004120889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009625322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5801516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988135,0.0001388975,0.0003001553,0.0001804758,0.0003407036,0.0002263272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996662,0.00005834315,0.00007782317,0.00008424032,0.00005843028,0.0000550377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006577019,0.0001762608,0.5863289,0.00003614443,0.000009836093,0.00003334575,0.3796459,0.00001767199,0.00000247014,0.0006999903,0.00002828828,0.0330146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001082933,0.00001945104,0.8414258,0.0002523563,0.00000320249,0.0000189721,0.1486805,0.00002037783,0.0000619181,0.0001897463,0.008020845,0.0002239339],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98953,0.00004220786,0.000003566993,0.000727495,0.000105905,0.000336765,4.189737e-7,0.00001253275,0.009241112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991479,0.00001614049,0.00005020885,0.0001342292,0.00002153576,0.00003727181,6.853118e-7,0.000004543808,0.0005875021],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5705262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04249753880794514,"score_gpt":0.3134526953859854,"score_spread":0.2709551565780402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}