{"id":"W2066383758","doi":"10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00097-x","title":"A numerical model for packed-bed combustion of char particles","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Char; Combustion; Heat transfer; Packed bed; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Shrinkage; Materials science; Diffusion; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Mineralogy; Engineering; Physics; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001072174,0.00009684102,0.0001265529,0.00005158745,0.0000232893,0.00001416333,0.0001960271,0.00004278726,0.00002153196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007242087,0.0001008052,0.00004735321,0.0003479327,0.00009500558,0.0001191796,0.00001050656,0.00008199755,0.000006644604],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005477912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001781657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.213615e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.853128e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992704,9.72066e-7,0.0001697982,0.0001449048,0.0001565525,0.0002573625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996544,0.00003429602,0.00001080069,0.0001509794,0.00004043593,0.0001090608],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003956309,0.00001162479,0.000005109465,0.00003628676,0.000002017584,1.106154e-7,0.00007170877,0.6789244,0.3142069,0.0008585945,0.00002553721,0.005853765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001421826,0.000006506361,0.00004371236,0.00001697486,0.000003887017,0.000001705547,0.000002215718,0.8282579,0.1712687,0.0001276229,0.00002888152,0.00009974845],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8182529,0.00003476219,0.1812182,0.00002463405,0.00006884191,0.00008548371,0.000006867202,0.0002332008,0.00007502706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876427,0.00001054704,0.01225602,0.00001142993,0.00002181617,0.00001706869,0.000003589953,0.00001507148,0.0000217638],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1693898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4110718,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009892460826513653,"score_gpt":0.2122571258978976,"score_spread":0.202364665071384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}