{"id":"W2066438305","doi":"10.1353/lan.2012.0030","title":"<b>Linguistic universals and language variation.</b> Ed. by Peter Siemund. (Trends in linguistics: Studies and monographs 231.) Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2011. Pp. viii, 472. ISBN 9783110238051. $140 (Hb).","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Linguistics; Problem of universals; Linguistic universal; Romance languages; Adverbial; Theoretical linguistics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006834631,0.0002969005,0.0004281957,0.0003265147,0.000116454,0.00004990333,0.0002198788,0.0002283809,0.001077698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003856238,0.0002815073,0.00006071769,0.0002153851,0.0002539283,0.00005900213,0.0002026875,0.0004727508,0.0001385873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009046109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002973864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006531642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008062826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978764,0.0002954782,0.0003460841,0.0004468088,0.0001716119,0.0008636217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985962,0.0004783173,0.0001170188,0.0004546404,0.00009862768,0.0002551915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003893035,0.0005695209,0.1617459,0.000194401,0.0008680497,0.0008476239,0.7321259,0.000003024953,0.006376356,0.002554978,0.08003131,0.01429359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008526581,0.0008628178,0.8750497,0.0002226942,0.0006143212,0.000302678,0.05400295,0.0006443808,0.001380692,0.001848092,0.05415425,0.002390824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8859033,0.1050194,0.00006636493,0.0001599895,0.0008271358,0.0002047247,0.0001922472,0.000072897,0.007553927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933242,0.001355005,0.0007881903,0.0003653294,0.0005485667,0.00003536876,0.00008257866,0.00004962207,0.003451185],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7133038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01781371509504463,"score_gpt":0.3435644281924635,"score_spread":0.3257507130974188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}