{"id":"W2066523195","doi":"10.1016/j.ridd.2012.04.009","title":"Low-level deficits in beat perception: Neither necessary nor sufficient for explaining developmental dyslexia in a consistent orthography","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research in Developmental Disabilities","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Dyslexia; Fluency; Perception; Orthography; Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology; Reading (process); Auditory perception; Audiology; Linguistics; Neuroscience","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004588902,0.0004836895,0.0005995554,0.001683036,0.0002780973,0.0001267318,0.0004902518,0.0002785853,0.001311542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000483515,0.0004756278,0.0001383864,0.001720102,0.0006106467,0.0005135201,0.0003438081,0.0007922603,0.0003642479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001904284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004977927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007145276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001234415,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9937308,0.0007183704,0.001343335,0.0009365399,0.0009291435,0.0023418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974893,0.001666743,0.00008397367,0.0003029514,0.0001297329,0.0003273223],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004505971,0.001620087,0.8542271,0.0002221338,0.00004498342,0.0000193488,0.1246525,0.000009526986,0.0002596903,0.002259983,0.001807266,0.01442677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00182597,0.0000934131,0.7506928,0.0005625623,0.00000238175,0.00004785617,0.2408557,0.00002923965,0.000136576,0.00020094,0.005025549,0.0005270591],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9666935,0.0003979117,0.00003530915,0.0002618926,0.0007795182,0.00173465,0.00006662613,0.00005344643,0.02997714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863259,0.00003612634,0.006955715,0.0001537026,0.00009232663,0.00299657,0.0001740537,0.00007441494,0.003191228],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1162032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2092218073881073,"score_gpt":0.4066603303478445,"score_spread":0.1974385229597372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}