{"id":"W2066660358","doi":"10.2320/matertrans.md201228","title":"Grain Refinement during Rapid Solidification of Aluminum–Zirconium Alloys Using Electrospark Deposition","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Materials science; Equiaxed crystals; Tetragonal crystal system; Zirconium; Supercooling; Alloy; Metallurgy; Deposition (geology); Aluminium; Ingot; Supersaturation; Crystal structure; Thermodynamics; Crystallography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007863114,0.0001640508,0.0001977195,0.00008850839,0.0001249932,0.00005674873,0.00006438529,0.00007391839,0.001850134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001997169,0.0001734402,0.00005913596,0.0001237971,0.00002188852,0.0002259642,0.000002359899,0.00005020614,0.00006050485],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001035142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001051162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003604825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004028371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990957,0.00003451042,0.0003587317,0.0001485584,0.0001210236,0.0002415256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996393,0.00001295314,0.00006557393,0.0001883114,0.00004845359,0.0000453817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009346365,0.00004131612,0.00001810221,0.00008199959,0.00006224043,2.781481e-7,0.0002755024,0.004334413,0.9947417,0.000009314173,0.0000282068,0.0003976089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003342756,0.00002332461,0.001504173,0.00003519698,0.0000706186,0.000008298771,0.00006679718,0.0009170815,0.9967696,0.00003265166,0.00007966345,0.0001583151],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9486563,0.00006983195,0.05015531,0.000051232,0.0003314413,0.0003179261,0.00002319856,0.0002225649,0.0001721514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994664,0.00008256406,0.004855646,0.000005654411,0.00004262526,0.0001320054,0.00005189453,0.00003771703,0.0001279515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0460076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01371730216116195,"score_gpt":0.2094598127844922,"score_spread":0.1957425106233302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}