{"id":"W2066709226","doi":"","title":"International R&D Spillovers and Institutions","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Cointegration; Total factor productivity; Economics; Estimation; Order (exchange); Human capital; Panel data; Productivity; Econometrics; Capital (architecture); International economics; Monetary economics; International trade; Macroeconomics; Finance; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000650438,0.00007678659,0.0001357011,0.0001407899,0.0002301781,0.00002827577,0.0001413468,0.00004094208,0.0001086801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008028988,0.00008845403,0.00005653785,0.00006317086,0.00008392104,0.0003738382,0.00002858185,0.0005867167,0.0001832208],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000389112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000288615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008386585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006667444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988736,0.000006255526,0.0002424315,0.0001846198,0.0000192338,0.0006738426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996759,0.0000103494,0.000141981,0.0000934138,0.00001621631,0.00006216623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009644773,0.00002329852,0.107955,8.627598e-7,0.0000663529,0.000002028378,0.00008973257,0.00001234415,0.000007974103,0.8902258,0.0001933162,0.001413665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008499761,0.00009698426,0.03107201,0.000002906696,0.000004044662,0.001798465,0.0001567244,0.0001419487,0.00001658325,0.7161812,0.249456,0.0002231049],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.894547,0.003917526,0.007036206,0.002915567,0.0009191493,0.00005730082,0.00001838301,0.00001922246,0.09056967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845245,0.0128881,0.0001374133,0.0001208016,0.0003338211,0.000001764829,0.000002840622,0.000007439777,0.001983302],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2492627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3607051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02942155132148701,"score_gpt":0.2154313112527437,"score_spread":0.1860097599312567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}