{"id":"W2067076955","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.013","title":"Particle–metal interactions during combustion of pulp and paper biomass in a fluidized bed combustor","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Combustion and Flame","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Biotechnology Research Institute; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Combustion; Fouling; Particle (ecology); Fluidized bed combustion; Inductively coupled plasma; Scanning electron microscope; Combustor; Chemistry; Fluidized bed; Particulates; Metal; Biomass (ecology); Materials science; Chemical engineering; Mineralogy; Metallurgy; Composite material; Plasma","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001906687,0.0001448544,0.0002202969,0.0001391647,0.00006628495,0.00002621608,0.00006097317,0.00007269195,0.00005334509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005863276,0.0001589541,0.0000341208,0.0002204605,0.00009481689,0.0003536853,0.00004379557,0.0001992868,0.00001299237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008745441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006372414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001742724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001500467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990899,0.00005492859,0.0003609462,0.0001717098,0.0001055947,0.0002169003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999596,0.00007684548,0.00003663529,0.0001628251,0.00003506535,0.00009260394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006686083,0.00009873354,0.01041173,0.0001039813,0.00003511786,0.000004563733,0.0007906931,0.003684596,0.9786825,0.001127828,0.0000437931,0.004949555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003471808,0.00005112744,0.08844338,0.0001311577,0.00005749649,0.0000525978,0.000290821,0.7412162,0.1653847,0.000175718,0.0003465377,0.0003784275],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982433,0.0006392002,0.0003321829,0.0002077987,0.0001732681,0.0001663912,0.000008993981,0.0001310598,0.00009774778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991339,0.0002464839,0.0004773168,0.0000200387,0.00004035163,0.00002081299,0.000008878292,0.00002177142,0.00003043279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8132978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.648196,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01053280643958414,"score_gpt":0.2287062447692342,"score_spread":0.21817343832965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}