{"id":"W2067438765","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsc.2011.10.011","title":"Darwin’s laws","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; University of Notre Dame; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","keywords":"Darwinism; Darwin (ADL); Metaphysics; Natural law; Epistemology; Philosophy; Physical law; Law; Computer science; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002894233,0.0003770885,0.0009803459,0.000735882,0.0009469148,0.000008154942,0.0006821855,0.0001256587,0.0002599285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005101114,0.0002590696,0.0000909126,0.0003944437,0.1950533,0.0006260711,0.0005491002,0.0003118743,0.000002369494],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002981306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001527669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001077554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006107981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966557,0.0001574658,0.000933805,0.001046154,0.0006571939,0.000549652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985318,0.0004344998,0.000399109,0.0002074733,0.0001895172,0.0002376163],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002291264,0.0005962175,0.004936245,0.0006195904,0.00006175816,0.00004133448,0.1728688,3.162019e-7,0.0005737012,0.8159889,0.001079184,0.00300481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009703477,0.004033681,0.002691546,0.001151863,0.00004894571,0.00002820919,0.01834216,0.00001699293,0.0000745334,0.8515386,0.1202196,0.0008835523],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5406247,0.2259045,7.574197e-7,0.001725713,0.005019974,0.0003918347,0.0000424528,0.00003704145,0.226253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867962,0.01205877,0.0002584885,0.0003980858,0.0003683958,0.00002909408,8.705012e-7,0.000004703485,0.00008540231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4461715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4070667105409118,"score_gpt":0.3238862029595189,"score_spread":0.08318050758139295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}