{"id":"W2067618271","doi":"10.1126/science.1096986","title":"Pulsars in Binary Systems: Probing Binary Stellar Evolution and General Relativity","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":238,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Pulsar; Physics; Binary pulsar; Millisecond pulsar; Neutron star; Astrophysics; General relativity; Binary number; Binary star; Tests of general relativity; Astronomy; Population; Theory of relativity; Gravitational wave; Stars; Theoretical physics; Numerical relativity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005087749,0.00006590166,0.00007802065,0.0001629348,0.0002164022,0.00007535946,0.0001328034,0.00001640345,0.000004743268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001083054,0.00005939318,0.00001534444,0.0006427143,0.0002729453,0.0004480078,0.00009175354,0.0001169337,0.00001134379],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001245013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000255954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001954911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001809106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990582,0.0000315701,0.0001137186,0.0002499378,0.0002855884,0.0002610201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997157,0.00002122903,0.00003357833,0.0001054149,0.00005140583,0.00007268722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003165386,0.0003342015,0.1832852,0.0000619197,0.00001119761,0.00002891607,0.001271573,0.07080113,0.4480337,0.2940877,0.00005210853,0.002000699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009792768,0.0001949347,0.7891948,0.0001875846,0.000004443727,0.000007188634,0.001070893,0.03588479,0.001332414,0.1705048,0.0003020992,0.0003367424],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981296,0.0002214457,0.0002043921,0.0001338738,0.00007877226,0.0001758952,0.00002730783,0.000002827798,0.001025898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984856,0.000002110239,0.0005167892,0.000004887475,0.00004459343,0.00001083727,0.00001145918,0.000003638219,0.0009201062],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6059096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2421983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0139673281810507,"score_gpt":0.3116179410549781,"score_spread":0.2976506128739275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}