{"id":"W2067878026","doi":"10.1111/1541-0072.00032","title":"Judicial Review of Agency Interpretation of Statutes: Deference Doctrines in Comparative Perspective","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy Studies Journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Deference; Statute; Agency (philosophy); Judicial deference; Political science; Discretion; Law; Judicial review; Interpretation (philosophy); Autonomy; Judicial discretion; Statutory interpretation; Law and economics; Sociology; Social science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007967555,0.00009437909,0.0004551529,0.0001619286,0.0003091288,0.000006692122,0.000120229,0.00002229661,0.00003398018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003932269,0.00007733823,0.00009917273,0.0006662956,0.0009015235,0.0001426976,0.00003056388,0.0001415366,0.000002766643],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002870867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004663743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003582055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998518,0.0003679166,0.0004671174,0.00009945678,0.0003458317,0.0002016863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982567,0.0002678328,0.000352727,0.00004287304,0.001035723,0.00004416844],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003056266,0.00007915012,0.005421724,0.000126136,0.0001904414,0.000002951834,0.1042588,0.000009566207,0.00001303182,0.8876131,0.0006971814,0.001557347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007494627,0.0002816608,0.02539911,0.008088654,0.0001440679,0.00001284177,0.233214,0.000002894644,0.0001833446,0.7216066,0.009998547,0.0003188062],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1023578,0.4154111,0.0003642968,0.007885929,0.0006653159,0.0005691371,0.00002783244,0.00001546454,0.4727031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8593919,0.1401402,0.000113189,0.0001808409,0.000141897,0.000006768205,1.491312e-7,0.000001492515,0.00002352383],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7570342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7050215,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1264873467116668,"score_gpt":0.4688921168034332,"score_spread":0.3424047700917665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}