{"id":"W2067968687","doi":"10.1002/cphc.200700707","title":"Dalton’s Disputed Nitric Oxide Experiments and the Origins of his Atomic Theory","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemPhysChem","topic":"History and advancements in chemistry","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Western University","funders":"Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Cornerstone; Nitric oxide; Chemistry; Oxide; Epistemology; Philosophy; Computational chemistry; History; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001303386,0.0002245874,0.0003101744,0.00002169953,0.0001984833,0.000006642692,0.0003267554,0.0001054757,0.0005144723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008712756,0.0001723498,0.000110163,0.0001181717,0.0007563505,0.0000976204,0.0001204557,0.0002170514,0.00001524191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002138697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006732182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000174456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.109913e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988806,0.00001930554,0.0003143893,0.000316579,0.0002257151,0.0002433772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989384,0.0001909345,0.0001904095,0.0005454565,0.00004273319,0.00009211173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002488219,0.0001444998,0.001057858,0.0001674487,0.00009969522,0.00001296184,0.0007772989,0.00000203157,0.991792,0.004408509,0.0006123667,0.0006764911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002156106,0.000002533838,0.00007315424,0.00003972142,0.0000309471,0.00002861315,0.000281089,0.00002596539,0.9638644,0.0007165345,0.03258966,0.0001912853],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768197,0.001623384,0.00006352067,0.00002019356,0.00004368831,0.00006022119,0.00001724642,0.00005856756,0.02129348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931244,0.0002220563,0.0004240818,0.0000882068,0.0001081378,0.00004523146,0.00002143948,0.00002905837,0.005937356],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03197729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7028222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01555453479637353,"score_gpt":0.2461106355744766,"score_spread":0.230556100778103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}