{"id":"W2068362098","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.01.057","title":"Biodiesel production and comparison of emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled by biodiesel–diesel and canola oil–diesel blends at high idling operations","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":234,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; Lakehead University; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Diesel fuel; Biodiesel; Winter diesel fuel; NOx; Diesel engine; Cetane number; Brake specific fuel consumption; Vegetable oil refining; Canola; Environmental science; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Engineering; Combustion; Diesel cycle; Organic chemistry; Automotive engineering; Combustion chamber; Food science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001247245,0.0003846493,0.0006043012,0.0002372639,0.0003972747,0.00004466635,0.0001747107,0.0001943003,0.00009257743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005563127,0.0003659858,0.00005391994,0.0005063072,0.0004208948,0.0001845283,0.0001678972,0.0002122864,0.00001209235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007425584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002771523,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007853974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003213717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980847,0.00002638113,0.0007146608,0.0005260371,0.0002451916,0.0004029831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988841,0.0000782736,0.0001273968,0.0005065439,0.0002090131,0.0001946659],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002899622,0.0002178256,0.0004930153,0.0004301792,0.0002612761,1.483093e-7,0.001880695,0.009716073,0.9289468,0.006172318,0.02710412,0.02474858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001111297,0.0001236822,0.001162511,0.0001123067,0.0001802289,0.00001367755,0.002834128,0.01772118,0.9300588,0.0006165908,0.04504723,0.001018303],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840077,0.007245284,0.001969526,0.001727873,0.0003617357,0.000437106,0.0002839031,0.0004774309,0.003489409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920409,0.004154343,0.001764648,0.00002629729,0.0001095616,0.0005203572,0.0002035617,0.00004508085,0.001135274],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02373028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009502091170573273,"score_gpt":0.2084619251639257,"score_spread":0.1989598339933525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}