{"id":"W2069046083","doi":"10.2307/3552240","title":"Postsecondary Education in Canada: Returns to University, College and Trades Education","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Education Systems and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Postsecondary education; Higher education; College education; Mathematics education; Political science; Medical education; Business; Demographic economics; Economics; Psychology; Economic growth; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001880739,0.0000790755,0.0001017892,0.0009473853,0.0003433663,0.00006612322,0.0001906303,0.00006812493,0.0001328187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001220986,0.0001026463,0.00001387127,0.001149722,0.00005675495,0.000258755,0.00001008075,0.00007693064,0.0000113626],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006720274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.3112037,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990409,0.0001048454,0.0001382083,0.0001701253,0.0001240764,0.000421846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987724,0.00003129445,0.00004536504,0.000130271,0.0001107068,0.0009099508],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[6.430231e-7,0.00001512134,0.05694373,0.00000544477,0.000001687605,9.77312e-7,0.002849646,1.981125e-7,0.000002457385,0.691142,0.2413153,0.007722803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004146411,0.000002721445,0.2806212,0.000009634592,0.000001040029,0.000003066448,0.02634311,5.234594e-7,9.331883e-7,0.0007237828,0.692166,0.00008659157],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7078332,0.000128503,1.51996e-7,0.137812,0.0003844447,0.0002439495,0.0002011024,0.000008993055,0.1533875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9659383,0.0000129627,0.00002737253,0.004914774,0.0009412398,0.000007281606,0.00002893251,0.000007608503,0.0281215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6904182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970927,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01078217044820711,"score_gpt":0.2614625610357994,"score_spread":0.2506803905875923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}