{"id":"W2069115996","doi":"10.1118/1.3483096","title":"A solid‐state amorphous selenium avalanche technology for low photon flux imaging applications","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Physics","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; Single-photon avalanche diode; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Avalanche diode; Avalanche breakdown; Amorphous solid; Optics; Electric field; Photon; Voltage; Breakdown voltage; Physics; Electrical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Detector","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008313115,0.0001541326,0.0001877653,0.00004900065,0.00007512071,0.00002294458,0.0002543037,0.00009359691,0.00005334254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005114674,0.0001527669,0.00006757518,0.0002435619,0.0001637929,0.00005395302,0.00003537753,0.0005406528,0.0001207899],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002126601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003779871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000425523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007995756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990495,0.000003674764,0.0001814932,0.0002028584,0.0002003338,0.0003620955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994125,0.00006336653,0.00002565309,0.0003096032,0.00005479086,0.0001340991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000111522,0.000261764,0.001852178,0.0003845356,0.00009165968,0.0000183903,0.0004001563,0.0004961201,0.3444703,0.002750877,0.02631311,0.6229498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001194304,0.00002097555,0.0001147138,0.00007128222,0.00005057118,0.00005738755,0.00007246623,0.1763069,0.6637607,0.04389828,0.1138208,0.0006316141],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3514166,0.0001675168,0.637472,0.002201854,0.001397065,0.0009521534,0.00007051251,0.002783549,0.003538688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974508,0.0000161936,0.001273388,0.0002129726,0.0005875649,0.0002416765,0.00002735669,0.00006103278,0.0001290155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6460341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6229652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003435680581323426,"score_gpt":0.2358937997533067,"score_spread":0.2324581191719833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}