{"id":"W2069115996","doi":"10.1118/1.3483096","title":"A solid‐state amorphous selenium avalanche technology for low photon flux imaging applications","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Physics","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; Single-photon avalanche diode; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Avalanche diode; Avalanche breakdown; Amorphous solid; Optics; Electric field; Photon; Voltage; Breakdown voltage; Physics; Electrical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Detector","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001863935,0.0001802733,0.000134524,0.0001528878,0.0001546557,0.0004845063,0.0003809379,0.0004560217,0.001277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002257375,0.000100371,0.0001773593,0.0001421093,0.0002692932,0.0004601734,0.0001796213,0.000288561,0.0003132602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002458027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002923094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000175006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000326801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999104,0.00001047938,0.000004324221,0.00001968836,0.00004510121,0.00001017634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998691,0.00003717903,0.00002810417,0.00001261708,0.00003292847,0.00002006611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002719329,0.00001702461,0.0003169033,0.00008508773,0.000004741903,0.0001245673,0.00002648976,0.0001507653,0.9910164,0.001270703,0.0001541567,0.006805993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003799729,0.0009331164,0.001961326,0.00003229596,0.00002602558,0.001410372,0.00006607957,0.005338612,0.9743937,0.0005457849,0.01524392,0.00001080753],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8908507,0.007699856,0.08964438,0.000553345,0.0001655454,0.0001613448,0.0002331173,0.000561989,0.01012964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9453955,0.001446963,0.04976792,0.00007202182,0.00001985799,0.00003791767,0.00009716341,0.00001676193,0.003145907],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004271984,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003435680581323426,"score_gpt":0.2358937997533067,"score_spread":0.2324581191719833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}