{"id":"W2070019648","doi":"10.1145/1978542.1978569","title":"Cyberwarfare","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications of the ACM","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University at Albany; University of Toronto; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Cyberwarfare; Offensive; Hacker; Espionage; Disinformation; Political science; Computer security; China; Battlefield; Law and economics; Law; Computer science; History; Operations research; Engineering; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":["open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001099363,0.00004213129,0.00005346271,0.00003696579,0.0001373793,0.000006976301,0.05082798,0.00002241582,0.000006358219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001811927,0.00003184589,0.00004707346,0.0002939834,0.0001296963,0.0001931192,0.03205566,0.00009994773,0.00001221239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001465225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001745445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000315474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001316275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996024,0.00006386714,0.0001222553,0.00008000764,0.00006867996,0.00006277824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9563911,0.00007368701,0.00009941471,0.04333231,0.00008867148,0.0000147977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004604245,0.0002909136,0.002298954,0.00001307404,0.00003282405,2.824395e-7,0.004003754,0.000006183928,0.007425293,0.8950196,0.02058207,0.07032244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004994186,0.00002094495,0.007026048,0.00001772067,0.000003622715,0.000006224773,0.00003222218,0.0002476394,0.1366519,0.8401775,0.01569308,0.00007311037],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.005031848,0.001489203,0.8112728,0.06034896,0.0004977392,0.0007880158,0.000008871439,0.001705179,0.1188574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4292039,0.00003804994,0.5705975,0.0000809206,0.000001569123,0.00001520334,1.448287e-7,0.00000242948,0.00006034139],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.424172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9757729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09912370926563129,"score_gpt":0.2934110457055475,"score_spread":0.1942873364399162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}