{"id":"W2070078369","doi":"10.1108/17410390510628391","title":"An empirical investigation of the prevalence of spyware in internet shareware and freeware distributions","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management","topic":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"The Internet; Software; Originality; Computer science; World Wide Web; Personally identifiable information; Computer security; Engineering; Operating system; Qualitative research","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007564205,0.00005262685,0.00009322307,0.00016333,0.00006415631,0.00004186989,0.0003862338,0.00003923163,0.00005145727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002175646,0.00004109138,0.00004167721,0.000218183,0.0001068286,0.002059915,0.0001442717,0.0001096826,0.000001337879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001185711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004415662,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001081216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001801623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988464,0.0001251454,0.0005493218,0.00004475413,0.0003523882,0.00008201371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990595,0.00002259158,0.0005529216,0.0001472216,0.0001651264,0.00005262363],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001487209,0.0002169514,0.8614543,0.00109046,0.00005543057,0.000001346174,0.07776986,0.0004286283,0.00004341238,0.003902966,0.007429702,0.0474582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006518923,0.0001298811,0.9721109,0.0005723326,0.00004619354,0.00000353629,0.005668334,0.001653837,0.0005087149,0.002489753,0.01607359,0.00009099064],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799926,0.00008715471,0.01649716,0.00224104,0.0001567406,0.0003506616,0.00008404666,0.000007985805,0.0005826637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986266,0.0002088652,0.000997183,0.00009993526,0.00003592431,0.000003594966,0.0000101803,0.000001340005,0.00001629903],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1106566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1675658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01943395341076584,"score_gpt":0.3049066245689221,"score_spread":0.2854726711581563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}