{"id":"W2070150871","doi":"10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.08.017","title":"The antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S permeabilizes phospholipid bilayer membranes without forming discrete ion channels","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes","topic":"Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Gramicidin; Bilayer; Lipid bilayer; Phospholipid; Chemistry; Membrane; Phosphatidylcholine; Biophysics; Transmembrane protein; Ion channel; Transmembrane channels; Vesicle; Biochemistry; Voltage-gated ion channel; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001319876,0.0002899653,0.0001844116,0.0001355743,0.000173691,0.0004081824,0.0001861471,0.0004471641,0.0005109446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002813272,0.000138719,0.0001771744,0.0001203768,0.0003964421,0.0005073835,0.0003803603,0.0004655686,0.0003239099],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002851219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001537282,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003177753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002347588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998841,0.00001808267,0.000007631279,0.00002182824,0.00003116596,0.0000371825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998341,0.00005207361,0.00004678031,0.00001684853,0.0000131396,0.00003713464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009826518,0.000004076006,0.00007965684,0.00001462952,0.000001635536,0.00004347146,0.00001095213,0.00002249093,0.9988846,0.00006308254,0.000008671107,0.0007684092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002267827,0.0001777302,0.002089453,0.000003235691,0.000005514872,0.0003227272,0.00004397072,0.000760026,0.9956263,0.0001168634,0.0008278212,0.0000037325],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968636,0.0005841267,0.001746648,0.00006259683,0.00001390864,0.000007283641,0.00003347112,0.00003705385,0.000651281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981596,0.0004427751,0.0006903746,0.0000479087,0.000006908178,0.000004101662,0.00009086732,0.000007044968,0.0005504892],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005109446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002068698,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0164825279844268,"score_gpt":0.240316102873283,"score_spread":0.2238335748888562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}