{"id":"W2070559750","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.027","title":"Particle clusters and drag coefficients in gas–solid downer units","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Drag; Mechanics; Cluster (spacecraft); Fluidized bed; Particle (ecology); Seeding; Fluid catalytic cracking; Reynolds number; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Drag coefficient; Particle size; Chemistry; Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Cracking; Turbulence; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001859105,0.0001438318,0.0001609904,0.00007557321,0.00002411192,0.00004052924,0.00008985864,0.00008508738,0.00002196854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000066573,0.0001326397,0.0000305708,0.0002431834,0.00001995485,0.0001705971,0.00002905365,0.0003912732,0.00001332107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006649977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000620232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.405582e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.769494e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999083,0.00000716774,0.0002218477,0.00007365975,0.0001305629,0.0004837758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995402,0.00003336238,0.00001159455,0.00008481076,0.00002117878,0.0003088248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001356082,0.00005606373,0.004676149,0.00008328142,0.00003876297,0.00002629172,0.0009363623,0.03700309,0.9528046,0.00007803188,0.0005676523,0.003716179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00186264,0.00001795797,0.001595638,0.000162967,0.00002985678,0.0005587185,0.00005337837,0.5419395,0.4488725,0.00001311727,0.004373594,0.0005201385],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791458,0.00145571,0.01870467,0.00003067734,0.0004298951,0.00004200666,0.00000154425,0.00009652246,0.00009322559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987856,0.00006023523,0.0008842736,0.00002589156,0.0002010057,0.00000335981,0.000001970386,0.00003195737,0.000005772933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5049364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5408891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008010070013847273,"score_gpt":0.1951644375258576,"score_spread":0.1871543675120103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}