{"id":"W2070719700","doi":"10.1007/s11270-011-0934-2","title":"Immobilization of Heavy Metals by Co-pyrolysis of Contaminated Soil with Woody Biomass","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Air & Soil Pollution","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Canada Research Chairs; University of Northern British Columbia","keywords":"Biochar; Pyrolysis; Leaching (pedology); Sawdust; Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Biomass (ecology); Soil contamination; Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure; Metal; Environmental science; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Soil water; Heavy metals; Agronomy; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002692266,0.000146363,0.000263267,0.0001158466,0.00007111832,0.000007614336,0.0001304275,0.00007074083,0.0006154046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001187043,0.00008930065,0.0000528747,0.0002933411,0.0001767306,0.0002860185,0.000009444683,0.00005001987,0.00007436249],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005168062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003157198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01151736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001737687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988419,0.00009038717,0.000316916,0.0002509167,0.000251872,0.0002479726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994481,0.000009900888,0.0001390232,0.0002130925,0.000125719,0.00006419193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001588276,0.0004722599,0.1863823,0.0003134417,0.0004037919,0.000009047654,0.005670481,0.001262839,0.7765072,0.00005482761,0.001825645,0.02550991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003965571,0.0004704513,0.1442372,0.00001932894,0.00006676512,0.000004644826,0.0001427241,0.0004027715,0.8537577,0.00007164603,0.0002985206,0.0001316595],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996924,0.0002983968,0.0002285677,0.000155114,0.0001035271,0.0001627401,0.0001742208,0.00003031614,0.001923058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988683,0.00002307092,0.00005872153,0.00004352576,0.00002361729,0.000001540567,0.0004581115,0.000005064583,0.0005180832],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07725058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.995065,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01383861344320028,"score_gpt":0.1874358331109718,"score_spread":0.1735972196677715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}