{"id":"W2070927406","doi":"10.1016/s0039-3681(01)00027-9","title":"From Cutting Nature at Its Joints to Measuring It: New Kinds and New Kinds of People in Biology","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of King's College; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Natural (archaeology); Epistemology; Monster; Natural science; Block (permutation group theory); Measure (data warehouse); Sociology; Computer science; History; Philosophy; Mathematics; Archaeology; Art history","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005106944,0.000567499,0.0006681458,0.002475377,0.005543941,0.01063676,0.001634385,0.004057464,0.006048413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01145062,0.0005647746,0.0004738792,0.003170212,0.1062931,0.03840766,0.006859326,0.007715218,0.0004983054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004354649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002963687,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005783217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008452998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971895,0.001674363,0.00007118161,0.0004394312,0.0004406394,0.0001849258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916264,0.005978524,0.0004980929,0.0007988777,0.0005098509,0.0005881636],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002410046,0.00001379445,0.001387248,0.000114084,0.00001102583,0.00007016976,0.03923588,0.0002028538,0.0001732883,0.9346859,0.005231437,0.01885025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006325587,0.000007546676,0.001082606,0.0001086202,0.000007391349,0.00007828206,0.01397494,0.0001277304,0.0001175925,0.9444378,0.0400374,0.00001377139],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1185293,0.1100776,0.07628748,0.3656869,0.002786014,0.00006223782,0.0002671294,0.0001878326,0.3261155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9472513,0.01563485,0.01041784,0.01330618,0.001010737,0.00007037573,0.00007720584,0.0001438188,0.01208778],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9944561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03159541,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1970261924599543,"score_gpt":0.3172960231053585,"score_spread":0.1202698306454041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}