{"id":"W2071397497","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.001","title":"Surface modification of thin-film-composite polyamide membranes for improved reverse osmosis performance","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Polyamide; Membrane; Reverse osmosis; Thin-film composite membrane; Interfacial polymerization; Surface modification; Permeation; Chitosan; Chemical engineering; Polymer chemistry; Composite number; Chemistry; Chlorine; Materials science; Chromatography; Monomer; Polymer; Organic chemistry; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001833101,0.0003878074,0.0002846419,0.0001729066,0.0001939676,0.0003148931,0.000293777,0.0004166648,0.0005682643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002255053,0.000222722,0.0004071638,0.0001340947,0.0001435305,0.000293872,0.0001602346,0.000497118,0.0002156716],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002443232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001913505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005613602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000838616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998769,0.00001303433,0.000009625441,0.00002283725,0.00004282498,0.00003479648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998968,0.00002230684,0.00002370595,0.00001026817,0.00003242822,0.00001448667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000191497,0.000005787677,0.00001393026,0.000009706374,0.000001766504,0.000007402863,0.000003071348,0.00004329967,0.9995259,0.0000094949,0.000006976726,0.0003534864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000244846,0.00003263801,0.0002054498,6.12626e-7,0.000003357014,0.00001460729,0.000002029442,0.0003650326,0.9992224,0.000003604722,0.0001460837,0.000001758122],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936102,0.0006706667,0.004781061,0.00005407576,0.00004481328,0.00001553574,0.00004849484,0.00008340904,0.0006916748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938514,0.0003811475,0.004498906,0.00002477225,0.00001141511,0.00001446951,0.00008258967,0.00002120844,0.001114196],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005682643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001901031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03375761418267014,"score_gpt":0.2592547236468779,"score_spread":0.2254971094642078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}