{"id":"W2071899896","doi":"10.2202/1935-1682.2221","title":"Can Regression Discontinuity Help Answer an Age-Old Question in Education? The Effect of Age on Elementary and Secondary School Achievement","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Regression discontinuity design; Numeracy; Reading (process); Test (biology); Affect (linguistics); Psychology; Developmental psychology; Mathematics education; Literacy; Mathematics; Pedagogy; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003307026,0.0001057917,0.0003012593,0.0003493302,0.000232205,0.00006266206,0.00034835,0.00004071067,0.0001129196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007845513,0.00005829389,0.0001166734,0.0002793046,0.0001134518,0.0003516054,0.00001864455,0.0002704578,0.000002934418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003160003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003043352,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02712695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05632883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983653,0.0007746611,0.0004418806,0.0001009247,0.0001510102,0.000166177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989604,0.000156821,0.0005156214,0.0002291487,0.00002541726,0.0001125544],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005957466,0.0002803535,0.8609183,0.00001478015,0.0005392498,0.000003812703,0.01598459,0.002060386,0.000569554,0.00367671,0.003114971,0.1122415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005062836,0.0005392912,0.9912479,0.0000706686,0.0003922013,0.000001849994,0.003092347,0.00006953272,0.0002896282,0.002376408,0.001313973,0.0000999267],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865371,0.0002398478,0.000001150302,0.01197369,0.00007121057,0.0001346416,0.000005065585,0.00000245339,0.00103487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968516,0.000818452,0.00001357468,0.0009779965,0.0008854637,0.000002228099,0.000007418547,0.000003505421,0.0004398094],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1303295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9793515,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01018424579116692,"score_gpt":0.3416978549996711,"score_spread":0.3315136092085043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}