{"id":"W2072209143","doi":"10.1017/s1360674311000128","title":"In search of grammaticalization in synchronic dialect data: general extenders in northeast England","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language and Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticalization; Linguistics; Syntagmatic analysis; Varieties of English; Sociolinguistics; Historical linguistics; Operationalization; Interpretation (philosophy); Sociology; History; Philosophy; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001078959,0.00006566112,0.0001594715,0.0001653179,0.00003191026,0.00001340216,0.0001634199,0.00009377882,0.0001078557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01221302,0.00006765092,0.000009709324,0.0002661487,0.0001301099,0.00003027837,0.0000577703,0.0001475399,0.000001150918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004368763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001522463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01941718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05456854,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989533,0.000231642,0.0002720476,0.0001822915,0.0001365015,0.0002242297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994712,0.0001640774,0.00004559299,0.0001684533,0.00009834089,0.00005228354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003723121,0.0001959498,0.1382643,0.00005867909,0.000007024717,0.000239561,0.6802266,0.00003728696,0.000009787717,0.1792539,0.00003989452,0.001629799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02103542,0.0006513741,0.3210413,0.0007235703,0.0001797832,0.0000108017,0.4807454,0.04287208,0.0005036661,0.03142293,0.09832618,0.002487566],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9567205,0.0003562419,0.0004550909,0.00002681132,0.001059033,0.0002617933,0.00002990376,0.00002244066,0.04106819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979103,0.0001199887,0.001026577,0.00003886891,0.0007728529,0.00000226641,0.00004298703,0.000006932344,0.00007928566],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1994812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04062241971095038,"score_gpt":0.3204041415421093,"score_spread":0.279781721831159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}