{"id":"W2072435982","doi":"10.1364/aio.2011.aiwb1","title":"The Picosecond IR Laser (PIRL) Scalpel: Fundamental Limits to Minimally Invasive Surgery and Biodiagnostics","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Imaging and Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ablation; Laser; Laser ablation; Picosecond; Materials science; Invasive surgery; Shock wave; Ablation zone; Optoelectronics; Optics; Surgery; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000156021,0.000177648,0.0001620066,0.00005776827,0.0001520031,0.0002444716,0.0001096725,0.00004408468,0.000004902434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005405863,0.0001465934,0.0000170942,0.00007594666,0.0001143311,0.00008240014,0.00009056819,0.0001019084,0.0000133938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001921917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001713675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007535844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001121578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992558,0.00000748637,0.0001976449,0.0001819124,0.00008260714,0.0002745371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993894,0.0002709719,0.000030994,0.0001628113,0.00002691838,0.0001189317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005651603,0.0004954024,0.07860732,0.002795951,0.0005345744,0.0003043592,0.02043354,0.0003672908,0.2899262,0.01105885,0.08965832,0.5052531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006033811,0.00008021489,0.02767997,0.0003186092,0.0001154442,0.00007093397,0.001741009,0.001873239,0.9528177,0.006403956,0.007010837,0.00128471],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944765,0.0002973394,0.0003892984,0.0001417234,0.0002076932,0.000172635,0.00002199674,0.0003831897,0.003909617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878251,0.0003469264,0.01137333,0.0002901704,0.00006951461,0.00003362734,0.000004764294,0.00004171442,0.00001486782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6628915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5977907,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01653793074986216,"score_gpt":0.2024558622368828,"score_spread":0.1859179314870207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}