{"id":"W2072865763","doi":"10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.10.005","title":"The effects of quarter of birth on academic outcomes at the elementary school level","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economics of Education Review","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Endogeneity; Quarter (Canadian coin); Reading (process); Test (biology); Mathematics education; Academic achievement; Psychology; Standardized test; Instrumental variable; Demography; Cohort; Grade retention; Developmental psychology; Economics; Statistics; Econometrics; Mathematics; Geography; Sociology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006303002,0.0001910624,0.001428833,0.002061829,0.0002421871,0.001667963,0.000506237,0.0009187147,0.003456932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04358567,0.000195039,0.001528328,0.003428898,0.0004322191,0.000599962,0.0005857554,0.001064305,0.0003285038],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001222752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001319835,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02221214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02393416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974451,0.001495067,0.0002371347,0.0002084273,0.0003714517,0.0002428297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9535424,0.03113651,0.008466127,0.0007932613,0.003816165,0.002245516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007301824,0.0003179641,0.904364,0.003902878,0.010644,0.0003009307,0.0003489958,0.001052753,0.0004001005,0.001781874,0.005325305,0.06425948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007363628,0.0002913338,0.9928427,0.000312137,0.002672622,0.00006824129,0.0001759029,0.0001419613,0.00008348612,0.0003203596,0.003007849,0.000009803059],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6814203,0.3056376,0.0002152811,0.005226598,0.0004241852,0.00002805515,0.003234185,0.00001020629,0.003803521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9384658,0.05860675,0.00009237452,0.0003682282,0.0002600788,0.00001623937,0.001120063,0.000007285601,0.001063119],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02221214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04416573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02628390637738526,"score_gpt":0.3574360949964642,"score_spread":0.3311521886190789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}