{"id":"W2073062717","doi":"10.1115/ipc2008-64687","title":"An Upheaval Buckling Limit State Function for Onshore Natural Gas Pipelines","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Buckling; Pipeline transport; Limit state design; Structural engineering; Buckle; Finite element method; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008804817,0.0001506547,0.000181251,0.00007915949,0.0001669275,0.00002911165,0.0001038,0.00009373517,0.0001100997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004140119,0.0001158783,0.0001545395,0.0001624483,0.00004880769,0.0002393965,0.000007919169,0.0002222042,0.00001497189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004249811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001072273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001519649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000371324,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992201,0.00001411726,0.0002269491,0.0001883675,0.0001193864,0.0002310684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995283,0.00007153724,0.0000164439,0.0001870369,0.0001211534,0.00007546316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003821545,0.00009862458,0.004952728,0.0003205923,0.0005912258,0.00001328378,0.001559162,0.8610039,0.04789238,0.0009304382,0.01422074,0.06803479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002995986,0.0001089671,0.003322733,0.00001189189,0.00007929833,0.00002613778,0.000422476,0.9728698,0.01748562,0.001933938,0.003119529,0.0003199689],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9675974,0.0002718065,0.03016501,0.000174164,0.000830706,0.000136927,0.00001109219,0.0004681565,0.0003446867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944779,0.0001317152,0.004144142,0.00008334454,0.0003080374,0.00001100393,0.00005911656,0.00002016421,0.0007646013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.111866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4725381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01660400469487159,"score_gpt":0.2321783381159736,"score_spread":0.215574333421102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}