{"id":"W2073087111","doi":"10.1007/s00027-010-0151-x","title":"Evidence for ecosystem engineering in a lentic habitat by tadpoles of the western toad","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aquatic Sciences","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Periphyton; Grazing; Exclosure; Benthic zone; Mesocosm; Environmental science; Ecology; Bioturbation; Sediment; Ecosystem; Lake ecosystem; Biomass (ecology); Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000704105,0.00006058253,0.00009235481,0.00002409567,0.0001272589,0.00001486886,0.0004263127,0.00002163067,0.00003932124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004513867,0.00003967658,0.00002664283,0.0002326161,0.0003111832,0.0002016712,0.0001640658,0.00004778466,0.00002304039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000168381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006612815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001305264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02025641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993159,0.0000182201,0.0001503187,0.0001742034,0.0001666297,0.0001747149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994012,0.0003932212,0.00006600863,0.0001226286,0.000002140614,0.0000148609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001525052,0.00001950208,0.9926286,0.00002250045,0.000002974465,1.232556e-7,0.000266723,0.0005602945,0.003005083,0.000137202,0.00306823,0.0002872811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002364722,0.0001150425,0.9748046,0.0001225138,0.00001593664,8.83415e-7,0.0002278244,0.02025139,0.002604597,0.0005534063,0.000941158,0.0001261364],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971081,0.00003493599,0.0002106601,0.001607864,0.0002517703,0.0002898748,9.434854e-7,0.00000748629,0.0004883591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999143,0.00000938854,0.0004069535,0.000149532,0.000006706273,0.0000502167,7.534889e-8,0.000002016513,0.0002320983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02012588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02487127071625975,"score_gpt":0.2535472358282111,"score_spread":0.2286759651119513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}