{"id":"W2073251114","doi":"10.2118/139480-ms","title":"A Nondamaging Friction Reducer for Slickwater Frac Applications","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference","topic":"Oil and Gas Production Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nalco (Canada); Nalcor Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Reducer; Polymer; Water reducer; Materials science; Oil shale; Dry friction; Petroleum engineering; Asphalt; Shearing (physics); Composite material; Chemical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Waste management; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005502958,0.000554178,0.0004696599,0.0006026145,0.0002785268,0.0002851083,0.0006204279,0.0004273544,0.001760895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000599982,0.0002353814,0.0002600711,0.0003155906,0.0002863931,0.0004408781,0.000255753,0.0005936768,0.0007008754],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003143744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000276889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001323248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002872487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999619,0.00002891212,0.00003383065,0.00007713296,0.0001980856,0.00004305556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995465,0.00007229308,0.0001264038,0.00007793209,0.0001159137,0.00006097042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004719668,0.00002344248,0.0001735641,0.00005852993,0.000002965981,0.00004639828,0.00002832523,0.0001369577,0.9924077,0.00004426312,0.00005701178,0.006973728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001042911,0.0003616037,0.00273337,0.000009065829,0.0000136027,0.0001718648,0.00002240303,0.00146684,0.9917903,0.00001254225,0.003392032,0.00001606737],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8753501,0.002531404,0.1172934,0.0001577342,0.00008624612,0.0003878536,0.0004148645,0.001462103,0.002316378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9014656,0.000774804,0.092741,0.00006430648,0.0000235066,0.0001272369,0.0003296991,0.0001401767,0.004333675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001760895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005890787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02163938072786852,"score_gpt":0.224992882040026,"score_spread":0.2033535013121575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}