{"id":"W2073708260","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.12.018","title":"Navigation and orientation in 3D user interfaces: the impact of navigation aids and landmarks","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","topic":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Turn-by-turn navigation; Orientation (vector space); Landmark; Computer science; Navigation system; Cognitive map; Artificial intelligence; Task (project management); Human–computer interaction; Computer vision; Transfer of learning; Cognition; Psychology; Engineering; Robot; Mathematics; Mobile robot","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007723696,0.0006124474,0.0004142182,0.000550481,0.0003158441,0.003024039,0.0003554862,0.000847867,0.005345872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01423068,0.0003717334,0.0004344278,0.0006229411,0.0006513592,0.002516477,0.000962533,0.0004129601,0.0006673539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002623184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004215775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004977691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004598126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999023,0.0004988558,0.00004618771,0.00009067961,0.0002644607,0.00007675999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9927409,0.005202406,0.0005569634,0.0003410794,0.0009612421,0.0001975107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006834823,0.0008532776,0.07909068,0.00193919,0.0003636396,0.001067849,0.01192972,0.03985004,0.1294483,0.01704372,0.005882923,0.7056958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007645278,0.008708164,0.5477739,0.001524939,0.002325195,0.006316375,0.02401405,0.2028474,0.09271493,0.06115037,0.05108845,0.0007717629],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9213309,0.004404772,0.04885944,0.0007161463,0.0002609853,0.0000626477,0.0002748952,0.0005838437,0.02350642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887362,0.001398959,0.007787145,0.00007789329,0.00004093734,0.00002509701,0.00008616559,0.0001339148,0.00171369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005345872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01788378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01917458409702576,"score_gpt":0.3312952509334654,"score_spread":0.3121206668364396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}