{"id":"W2073861643","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.009","title":"Phase-field simulation of solidification morphology in laser powder deposition of Ti–Nb alloys","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Deposition (geology); Directional solidification; Casting; Alloy; Phase field models; Phase (matter); Heat transfer; Temperature gradient; Finite element method; Metallurgy; Laser; Thermal; Composite material; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002569222,0.0002837051,0.0004252714,0.0003487038,0.0005856337,0.0005556737,0.0008003199,0.001056595,0.003760852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009300719,0.000466391,0.0004157031,0.0003723248,0.0004557942,0.0004923161,0.0002487637,0.0005389526,0.000204144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001181359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001089821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01760338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01096939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999264,0.00001444273,0.000002601749,0.000007230604,0.00002528128,0.00002392328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994665,0.0003708156,0.00003458625,0.00002039176,0.00007724529,0.00003057377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002473945,0.0001207993,0.001914189,0.00009931922,0.00002217225,0.0002683133,0.00009635194,0.9763901,0.01323942,0.004371838,0.0003979678,0.002832231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004654222,0.00002685964,0.0005596183,0.000003232264,0.000002873577,0.00001078478,0.0000165456,0.996903,0.002000686,0.0002490671,0.0001767065,0.000004021094],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979373,0.0001772463,0.006197087,0.0002491886,0.0000339375,0.00004642304,0.0002025348,0.0001336817,0.0135868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965144,0.00005515095,0.00200863,0.00001896595,0.00000783352,0.00002286592,0.00007289145,0.00003565135,0.001263622],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01760338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03500187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03190826995277508,"score_gpt":0.3102263219374236,"score_spread":0.2783180519846485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}