{"id":"W2074865133","doi":"10.1111/j.1755-618x.2000.tb00592.x","title":"Earning Disparities between Immigrants and Native‐born Canadians*","year":2000,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie","topic":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Political science; Humanities; Sociology; Ethnology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00361125,0.0005111406,0.001457053,0.0002092766,0.001248726,0.00003181144,0.0007521595,0.001129354,0.004303763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001498433,0.0006094707,0.0003612785,0.00041966,0.005898819,0.0003213888,0.00003505183,0.001008912,0.0001124853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003323595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004539369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.915575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9881389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939484,0.00159449,0.000982753,0.000773489,0.00008646335,0.002614426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954348,0.001043287,0.0004137752,0.0004246065,0.000282495,0.002401002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005579119,0.00002392915,0.6269181,0.007034387,0.0005634898,0.0001062865,0.1659798,0.00001718717,0.000003068445,0.04446404,0.04734217,0.1075419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003647939,0.000199488,0.5047043,0.005067035,0.0004895899,0.00002708978,0.04157522,0.00003088451,0.000001357211,0.01753571,0.4289341,0.001070446],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6946684,0.2569185,0.000004185114,0.03793776,0.0005838297,0.0006000677,0.001141352,0.00002896925,0.008116897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7435911,0.2374361,0.0001412188,0.007314219,0.0009383175,0.00007880291,0.0002005012,0.00004243116,0.01025728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3815919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996356,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04758120244319852,"score_gpt":0.2831787521347607,"score_spread":0.2355975496915622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}