{"id":"W2075161260","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.028","title":"Coal is a potential source of naphthenic acids in groundwater","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Naphthenic acid; Environmental chemistry; Oil sands; Coal; Chemistry; Leachate; Petroleum; Groundwater; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance; Mass spectrometry; Geology; Organic chemistry; Chromatography; Asphalt; Materials science; Corrosion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001200498,0.0001107142,0.0001381427,0.0004215944,0.0002608663,0.0003114322,0.000172099,0.0003315285,0.0009315898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002179013,0.0001008795,0.00006534676,0.0003340737,0.0001089769,0.0002209375,0.0001600222,0.0001103522,0.0001704391],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002504032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002406977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003346512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003683813,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999056,0.00002010634,0.000004942435,0.0000187843,0.00003350445,0.00001711234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999391,0.00001629554,0.0000101706,0.000003071197,0.00002359324,0.000007804457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001039283,0.00009219096,0.06020494,0.0003520444,0.00006312525,0.001587873,0.0003892531,0.004322672,0.8909078,0.003814471,0.0003871246,0.0368392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005089649,0.0005169024,0.06897213,0.00004391031,0.00007338796,0.001208119,0.001181181,0.02650707,0.8833019,0.006880906,0.01123225,0.0000314747],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932712,0.0009823729,0.00280844,0.00008681494,0.000009214379,0.000008569617,0.0001945966,0.00002157494,0.002617221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981228,0.0003370364,0.0006189853,0.000005850737,0.000002442236,0.00000192043,0.00008056176,0.000001495426,0.0008289999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003346512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006654024,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00555360163174966,"score_gpt":0.1982164233667041,"score_spread":0.1926628217349544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}