{"id":"W2075369303","doi":"10.1021/es030566y","title":"Influence of Natural Organic Matter Source on Copper Speciation As Demonstrated by Cu Binding to Fish Gills, by Ion Selective Electrode, and by DGT Gel Sampler","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Gill; Rainbow trout; Biotic Ligand Model; Copper; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Trout; Diffusive gradients in thin films; Dissolved organic carbon; Metal; Bioavailability; Genetic algorithm; Metal ions in aqueous solution; Organic matter; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Ecology; Fishery; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002797103,0.000348027,0.0003019513,0.0002575327,0.0006029709,0.00002913913,0.0006343287,0.0003670372,0.001147043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006448943,0.000349561,0.00003472922,0.001219279,0.003091531,0.0004904612,0.0005270996,0.000523483,0.001122382],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001667951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001878488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009514482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006223589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971411,0.00005121172,0.0003723235,0.001076481,0.0004769929,0.0008818758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992027,0.00004632906,0.0002115248,0.0003311714,0.000003113093,0.0002052195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003723331,0.0002793065,0.09281638,0.000001281181,0.000009157152,0.000001926372,0.0001131328,0.0007816041,0.9010171,0.00001505372,0.004345987,0.0005818452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006218256,0.000967379,0.07343999,0.00001035333,0.00001275298,0.00007009516,0.0001749259,0.00001763254,0.9207615,0.0003130046,0.003239342,0.0003712485],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964831,0.00005209585,0.00008380006,0.001935621,0.00005773747,0.0005436902,0.00006438193,0.00006677846,0.0007127842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963276,0.00008476055,0.0002467097,0.002319859,0.000008447598,0.00004819302,0.00003706828,0.00002820144,0.0008991685],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01974436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.001856818349888623,"score_gpt":0.1880914308234763,"score_spread":0.1862346124735876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}