{"id":"W2075779694","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.02.005","title":"Inertia effects as a possible missing link between micro and macro second-order work in granular media","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Granular material; Inertia; Plasticity; Statistical physics; Intergranular corrosion; Mechanics; Kinetic energy; Macroscopic scale; Classical mechanics; Discrete element method; Microscopic scale; Physics; Materials science; Microstructure; Thermodynamics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001593113,0.0001355663,0.000220944,0.0002223338,0.00002869201,0.00008976516,0.0001293245,0.00009880948,0.00004182363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005511335,0.0001107119,0.00004682,0.00008258947,0.00004272826,0.0002239408,0.00003081433,0.0002764415,0.000001022908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002578805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001382695,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008442255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000378388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992241,0.0000243943,0.0002927401,0.00006914859,0.0002008692,0.0001887899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995798,0.0001078033,0.00005675034,0.00004764473,0.00007074457,0.0001372015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002438044,0.00002764884,0.5527363,0.0002062213,0.0005984281,0.0002725974,0.007370713,0.0001496577,0.1514169,0.000973025,0.0008303436,0.2851744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00216464,0.00005029916,0.9299375,0.0002886435,0.00006262009,0.0004989858,0.00005953749,0.0001432117,0.05417298,0.008078164,0.004246018,0.0002973643],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894488,0.008636319,0.0005797872,0.0003158343,0.0008475567,0.0000391828,0.00000697835,0.00001066414,0.0001148176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960262,0.0002008478,0.002556899,0.00009938398,0.001088985,6.480969e-7,0.000004533933,0.00001684767,0.000005624919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3772012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4514702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006524363517052691,"score_gpt":0.2368674422046774,"score_spread":0.2303430786876247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}