{"id":"W2076573027","doi":"10.1145/1595453.1595455","title":"Formal methods versus engineering","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM SIGCSE Bulletin","topic":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Engineering mathematics; Science and engineering; Position (finance); Formal methods; Domain (mathematical analysis); Computer science; Key (lock); Software engineering; Mathematics education; Management science; Applied mathematics; Calculus (dental); Mathematics; Engineering; Engineering ethics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005037109,0.0002134049,0.0002418304,0.0002348327,0.000166583,0.0002428199,0.0004800433,0.00008431276,0.0005245347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008940979,0.0001991099,0.000130205,0.0005025311,0.00001456654,0.0004328196,0.0001750503,0.0001694184,0.0006745373],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001678044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000881756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001074531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001697305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988309,0.000006168795,0.0002573308,0.0002904627,0.0001980573,0.0004170424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992205,0.00008633103,0.0001145464,0.0004178056,0.0001431663,0.00001763512],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005597294,0.0003371192,0.000418941,0.0003406653,0.0002174203,0.0000600422,0.0001324829,0.0333875,0.004324234,0.02458441,0.03567213,0.8999653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00170781,0.00002614763,0.001025065,0.00007233872,0.0002532683,0.00000271578,0.00008332226,0.0746899,0.0005262105,0.002168537,0.9187045,0.00074024],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3232579,0.002454945,0.4545874,0.09651153,0.003899823,0.0006962196,0.000004017953,0.003912568,0.1146757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9593499,0.00001752088,0.03594013,0.002716562,0.001467229,0.00001091107,0.00001990153,0.00003053742,0.0004473385],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8992251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8670037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02731278489496189,"score_gpt":0.2765459763135167,"score_spread":0.2492331914185548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}