{"id":"W2077387799","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2012.05.050","title":"The role of conventional power plants in a grid fed mainly by PV and storage, and the largest shadow capacity requirement","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Policy","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Philomathia Foundation","keywords":"Energy storage; Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Grid; Shadow (psychology); Nameplate capacity; Environmental economics; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Natural resource economics; Business; Engineering; Economics; Electricity generation; Mathematics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008154817,0.0003956732,0.0004218597,0.0001653285,0.0004403069,0.001788845,0.0006774489,0.0009864654,0.004033487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002179453,0.0002101084,0.0002142762,0.0001768753,0.001076691,0.002745782,0.0004357666,0.0006122587,0.0002127696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008227861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008101661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003408589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007164919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998332,0.00006771095,0.00000523445,0.00003531608,0.00002098554,0.00003747454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988348,0.0006965699,0.00009953542,0.00009318281,0.0001295182,0.0001464038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001707407,0.0002648113,0.0184362,0.0004756901,0.0001304593,0.002271147,0.0003532859,0.3712664,0.0125888,0.5352049,0.01001902,0.04728194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001635212,0.000345318,0.0230863,0.0001490993,0.0001358583,0.001160803,0.001421019,0.5643064,0.006159113,0.3926295,0.01037501,0.00006795171],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.861254,0.00294414,0.03911408,0.01050975,0.0003111167,0.00002661255,0.0003314347,0.000105639,0.08540326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976242,0.0002355426,0.000648013,0.00004400021,0.00004010998,0.00000197577,0.000009387343,0.000005301735,0.001391394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004033487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0134933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003840122528967229,"score_gpt":0.182171312798916,"score_spread":0.1783311902699488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}