{"id":"W2077387799","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2012.05.050","title":"The role of conventional power plants in a grid fed mainly by PV and storage, and the largest shadow capacity requirement","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Policy","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Philomathia Foundation","keywords":"Energy storage; Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Grid; Shadow (psychology); Nameplate capacity; Environmental economics; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Natural resource economics; Business; Engineering; Economics; Electricity generation; Mathematics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000200133,0.00006996561,0.00008756208,0.00003215099,0.00005546151,0.00001797934,0.00005052239,0.00003307975,0.000009575246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001587046,0.0000447526,0.00001684894,0.00004849971,0.00006528666,0.00006859571,0.00002231981,0.00004865705,5.710051e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002356712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007773097,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007153451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000148991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995487,0.00004025901,0.0001201234,0.00005235134,0.00007029632,0.0001683172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998012,0.00004745513,0.00002820941,0.00007630948,0.000008798499,0.00003803191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006089948,0.0002783225,0.02237077,0.00007173124,0.0005230549,0.000002046803,0.006122048,0.01681335,0.04203211,0.8748305,0.01402589,0.02232113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01488835,0.0001390195,0.1005002,0.0001241103,0.00007741932,0.00006170867,0.0009454129,0.1800163,0.0184235,0.008381058,0.6754925,0.0009503252],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.959548,0.03056125,0.001060587,0.0010331,0.0004146581,0.0002197671,0.0001554208,0.00005537184,0.006951828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998692,0.0009333036,0.00003712399,0.00008197643,0.0001359395,0.00001538272,0.00001098289,0.000007780578,0.00008550625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8664495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1824958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003840122528967229,"score_gpt":0.182171312798916,"score_spread":0.1783311902699488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}