{"id":"W2077853291","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2010.9690276","title":"Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Simulation of Asphalt Concrete Subjected to Haversine Loading","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Michigan Technological University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Asphalt; Computation; Asphalt concrete; Superposition principle; Microstructure; Finite element method; Modulus; Materials science; Discrete element method; Structural engineering; Scale (ratio); Computer science; Engineering; Composite material; Mechanics; Algorithm; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007667694,0.0001943823,0.0002427589,0.0001077589,0.00007900757,0.00004450682,0.00007978457,0.0000724839,0.0008952615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002019835,0.0001857657,0.00002257539,0.0001012024,0.00002259941,0.000193984,0.0000407412,0.00006283239,0.00002977592],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003838827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001930132,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003300931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001519187,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987364,0.00003497898,0.0004568785,0.0002002642,0.0003133152,0.0002581329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994922,0.00005459227,0.00009255955,0.000184786,0.00008066299,0.00009523366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005135717,0.000004487139,0.0002434539,0.00007096001,0.00003731769,7.850205e-7,0.0001035014,0.09146341,0.9069777,0.00007121157,0.0001566715,0.0008192202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006404184,0.0001728215,0.003653554,0.00005367299,0.00003832451,7.508307e-7,0.000009806887,0.2314375,0.7634953,0.00008126016,0.0002200209,0.0001965209],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9146827,0.00002915766,0.08365846,0.00003123476,0.0006446582,0.0007955058,0.00003527161,0.00008395069,0.00003906639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922901,0.000009185181,0.007354146,0.00005143625,0.0001253566,0.00004624787,0.00007712067,0.00002788515,0.0000185598],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1434823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9802486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0229250137965749,"score_gpt":0.2568843068809037,"score_spread":0.2339592930843288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}