{"id":"W2078551614","doi":"10.3390/ijms10041567","title":"Folding by Numbers: Primary Sequence Statistics and Their Use in Studying Protein Folding","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","topic":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Protein folding; Sequence (biology); Protein tertiary structure; Computational biology; Protein secondary structure; Context (archaeology); Protein structure; Folding (DSP implementation); Statistical analysis; Protein sequencing; Protein structure prediction; Peptide sequence; Biology; Statistics; Computer science; Bioinformatics; Mathematics; Biochemistry; Paleontology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006251136,0.0002478922,0.0004827146,0.0002176976,0.00005317577,0.0002329023,0.0007506667,0.000151819,0.000001542528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002084023,0.000187042,0.000143719,0.0001476182,0.0001562413,0.00003786692,0.0001758751,0.0002572017,2.464247e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008298182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000374342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001920757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001122919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983284,0.0001403616,0.000585997,0.0003132916,0.0004353384,0.000196547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989405,0.00004726499,0.0006548571,0.0001149135,0.0001736961,0.00006878626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001810909,0.00004417548,0.00006532676,0.0002472499,0.0001947658,0.0001948243,0.00006350122,0.00005160875,0.03864399,0.0004305415,0.0000928994,0.959953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00279334,0.003175024,0.00008748069,0.03538368,0.0005000172,0.006386597,0.0005253609,0.000423762,0.01880213,0.01141088,0.9172601,0.003251636],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01908936,0.9632378,0.01700696,0.00002882676,0.0002090929,0.0002689041,0.0000872586,0.000002765751,0.00006909895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01401697,0.9678405,0.01772875,0.0001720714,0.0001308892,0.000007550781,0.0000541137,0.00001982814,0.00002934103],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9567014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7627353,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03409191849023288,"score_gpt":0.3313760387848197,"score_spread":0.2972841202945868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}