{"id":"W2078750858","doi":"10.1177/002070200906400209","title":"The Changing Forms and Utility of Force","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal Canada s Journal of Global Policy Analysis","topic":"Military and Defense Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Accountability; Private sector; Doctrine; Public relations; National security; Public administration; Vetting; Security forces; Business; Law; Political science; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001555032,0.00008824481,0.0002630962,0.0002112341,0.0006511161,0.00009279399,0.0004939496,0.00003146199,0.00003566283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009881288,0.00005800245,0.000285447,0.0008320161,0.0001804998,0.0002609831,0.00003687459,0.0001693018,1.026699e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004268193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001255175,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1952415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.746988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977456,0.0001399479,0.0005844397,0.00006755834,0.001194567,0.0002678298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979186,0.0001682427,0.0006171531,0.00006974975,0.001025523,0.0002007133],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002215852,0.0003026248,0.1973013,0.00001619774,0.02761358,0.0009850343,0.01768675,0.002900371,0.00005541125,0.3923177,0.1018373,0.2567678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001499453,0.0003782397,0.4220977,0.0001179133,0.001826947,0.0008757541,0.0387476,0.0008902416,0.0000540854,0.3298408,0.2032036,0.0004676285],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7947695,0.007383839,0.001242651,0.1758221,0.0007488257,0.00006055359,0.00007289943,0.000004479346,0.01989513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965452,0.00158369,0.00005812968,0.0009732401,0.0006538582,1.001e-7,3.564913e-7,0.00000131182,0.0001841045],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5517465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8101175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009672248690920876,"score_gpt":0.3241629841978284,"score_spread":0.3144907355069075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}