{"id":"W2078787055","doi":"10.1177/1362480607079583","title":"Rules in policing","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Criminology","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Discretion; Control (management); Law; Value (mathematics); Power (physics); Perspective (graphical); Political science; Criminal law; Crime control; Law enforcement; Sociology; Business; Criminal justice; Economics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001236655,0.00005406301,0.0001000884,0.0001237905,0.0001712595,0.00001598809,0.000155333,0.0001360858,0.001543537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004591306,0.00005101988,0.00002698077,0.00009436385,0.00131529,0.00006780268,0.00003234956,0.0001964932,0.0003029823],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005891903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004313661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03074348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01795334,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989513,0.0001907795,0.0001481996,0.0001150419,0.0001015466,0.0004931795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990216,0.0007260979,0.00002466077,0.0001057786,0.00002005506,0.0001017388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001775654,0.00002679244,0.002523775,0.000001298789,0.000001490794,0.000004991872,0.02637661,5.647339e-7,0.0001811877,0.9616444,0.00004349408,0.009177645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002674574,0.00007160033,0.1631257,0.00001302909,0.00001886246,0.00001091753,0.01312298,0.0000217065,0.0001715143,0.8045666,0.01842517,0.000184502],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6755504,0.000006592188,0.0004293738,0.003760562,0.0001073196,0.00004054792,7.002801e-7,0.00003936282,0.3200652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978777,0.00004817262,0.0004536363,0.001147039,0.0002532528,0.000001611389,9.713309e-7,0.000005384111,0.0002122036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3223273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1070934988574428,"score_gpt":0.4218715927780927,"score_spread":0.3147780939206499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}