{"id":"W2078809220","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004458","title":"Photonic analog-to-digital converter using Mach-Zehnder modulators having identical half-wave voltages with improved bit resolution","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Comparator; Quantization (signal processing); Photonics; Mach–Zehnder interferometer; Voltage; Optics; Physics; Computer science; Analog-to-digital converter; 4-bit; Electronic engineering; Interferometry; Algorithm; Optoelectronics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009067149,0.0003368508,0.000331117,0.0001795757,0.00008702902,0.000209793,0.0002122818,0.0002701211,0.000009628765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002889792,0.0003175708,0.00005878881,0.0004726139,0.0001241431,0.0002046509,0.00009231819,0.0004059072,0.00004151932],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002110183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002046987,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005202605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005763862,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983124,0.000004361759,0.0003562914,0.0003826386,0.0002602457,0.0006840659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992296,0.00004953161,0.00004272171,0.000468658,0.00005228789,0.000157162],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003024953,0.0003680891,0.001339598,0.0002240061,0.0006959707,0.0002442637,0.0005954137,0.5283218,0.3131762,0.1034438,0.0008835061,0.05040484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004414305,0.0001297217,0.001008169,0.00004184518,0.0000713487,0.00002655353,0.0001351317,0.9875034,0.008000154,0.002034349,0.00009581155,0.0005120603],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8068035,0.00006941435,0.1891041,0.00008404837,0.0001129917,0.0004571038,0.000007482528,0.001146654,0.002214669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9302099,0.0000109928,0.0694897,0.0001041278,0.00007433367,0.00001289964,0.00001110759,0.00006385036,0.00002306294],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4591816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0114887579512355,"score_gpt":0.2029628382850647,"score_spread":0.1914740803338292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}